Comprehensive information security system – what is it?

Comprehensive information security system
20.08.2025

‘Whoever owns information owns the world’ — this famous phrase remains relevant today. In the current era of digital transformation, information has become one of the most valuable assets for businesses and governments. From passport details and bank accounts to corporate customer databases and financial reports, any data can become a target for cyberattacks.

In recent years, information security has evolved from a technical issue to a strategic priority. The leakage or loss of confidential data can not only cause financial damage, but also jeopardise a company’s reputation and the trust of its customers and partners. That is why more and more organisations are turning to comprehensive solutions, among which a comprehensive information security system (CISS) plays a key role.

What is CISS?

What is CISS?

CISS is a comprehensive information security system that combines organisational, engineering, software, hardware and cryptographic measures. Its main task is to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data processed in information and telecommunications systems (ITS) or stored in corporate infrastructure.

Simply put, CISS is a set of rules, technologies, and mechanisms that work together to prevent data leakage, unauthorised access, or damage. It is not a single software product or piece of equipment, but a comprehensive system that takes into account all levels of protection — from security policies and staff training to network screens, encryption, and server access control.

Unlike fragmented solutions, CISS is created in accordance with state standards and the regulatory framework of Ukraine, which makes it mandatory for organisations that work with personal data, state and other critical information resources.

Who needs CISS?

Who needs CISS?

Not every company realises that an information security system can be not only a recommendation but also a mandatory requirement.

In Ukraine, the creation of a CISS is regulated by the laws ‘On the Protection of Information in Information and Telecommunications Systems’ and ‘On the Protection of Personal Data.’ This means that the implementation of such a system is necessary for organisations that:

  • work with government information or restricted data;
  • process personal data of citizens (banks, insurance companies, medical institutions, telecom operators);
  • manage large information flows (data centres, cloud providers, IT companies);
  • belong to areas where information leaks can lead to serious financial or reputational losses (financial and manufacturing corporations, companies with critical infrastructure).

In addition to being mandatory for government agencies and businesses as defined by law, CISS is increasingly being implemented voluntarily by private companies as a tool for protecting their reputation, maintaining partner trust, and ensuring business continuity.

Advantages of CISS for business

Advantages of CISS for business

With cyber threats on the rise, a comprehensive information security system is no longer just a nice-to-have—it’s a key tool for business stability. Implementing an CISS gives you these benefits:

  1. Compliance with legislation. Businesses avoid fines and legal risks by complying with Ukrainian laws on information and personal data protection.
  2. Protection against cyber attacks. CISS helps counter common threats: viruses, Trojans, phishing campaigns, DDoS attacks.
  3. Financial security. The system minimises the likelihood of direct losses from information leaks or loss and reduces the cost of dealing with the consequences of incidents.
  4. Reputation and trust. Having an CISS increases the level of trust from partners, customers, and investors, which is especially important for companies that work with large amounts of confidential data.
  5. Business continuity. Backup, access control, and monitoring systems allow the company to operate without interruption even in the event of incidents.
  6. Risk management optimization. A CISS allows you to systematise your information security work and use resources more efficiently to ensure it.

CISS is not just a set of technical tools, but a strategic investment in the security and development of the company. For modern businesses, having a comprehensive information security system is a competitive advantage. In addition, the implementation of CISS fosters a culture of information security within the company.

Employees begin to realise their role in data protection, which reduces the risk of human error — one of the most common causes of information leaks. As a result, the business not only gains protection from external threats, but also a more stable and predictable environment for development.

Main areas of information resource protection

Main areas of information resource protection

To work effectively, any information security system must take into account all potential threats, both external and internal.

That is why a comprehensive information security system (CISS) is built along several lines that complement each other and create a multi-level security barrier. Let’s take a closer look at these lines.

Organisational measures

Organisational measures

Organisational measures are the foundation of any comprehensive information security system, as they determine the rules for working with data, the order of access, and the level of responsibility of personnel. Without a well-established organisation, even the most modern technical tools remain ineffective.

The most important element is the development of an information security policy. It defines how information protection is organised in the company, who has access to data, and what responsibilities are assigned to employees. Job descriptions and regulations that clearly define the rights and responsibilities of users, administrators, and technical staff play an important role.

Since the human factor is one of the main causes of cyber incidents, employee training becomes a key area of focus. Regular information security training helps staff develop the right skills and reduce the risk of errors.

At the same time, every organisation should have an incident response plan — a document that defines the algorithm of actions in the event of a cyberattack, technical failure or unauthorised access attempt.

In large companies or government agencies, it is advisable to create a specialised information security service that focuses exclusively on data protection issues.

Engineering and technical measures

Engineering and technical measures

Engineering and technical measures are aimed at creating a secure environment for information systems to operate at the physical and technical levels. They are designed to prevent data leaks through technical channels and ensure the stability of the infrastructure.

One of the key solutions is the implementation of secure connection channels and network segmentation, which minimises the risk of unauthorised access to internal resources. Equally important is the use of firewalls and intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS), which allow traffic to be filtered and threats to be responded to in a timely manner. A comprehensive technical information protection system, which includes specialised equipment to prevent data leakage and interception, plays a significant role.

The physical security of server and work premises is also a prerequisite. To this end, access control systems, security and fire alarms, and equipment to protect against acoustic and electromagnetic leaks are used.

An additional element of reliability is the implementation of uninterruptible power supply: backup power sources and generators that guarantee continuous operation even in the event of an emergency.

Engineering and technical measures create a physical and technical barrier, which, in combination with organisational methods, creates a comprehensive protection system.

Software and hardware

Software and hardware

Software and hardware are at the heart of CISS, as they provide monitoring, control and operational protection of information resources. Their value lies in the integration of software and hardware solutions, which together form an effective mechanism for countering cyber threats.

The first level of defence is provided by antivirus systems and anti-spyware programs that protect data from malicious software. At the same time, logging and event auditing systems record all user and administrator actions, allowing incidents to be quickly detected and investigated. Access control tools play an important role, regulating user rights and implementing multi-level authentication.

To ensure the preservation of critical information, solutions for data backup and recovery are implemented. Monitoring systems analyse network traffic in real time, promptly signalling suspicious activity. Tools for isolating dangerous processes and segmenting traffic provide an additional level of protection.

Software and hardware tools not only prevent attacks but also ensure a quick response to incidents, creating conditions for business process stability.

Cryptographic protection

Cryptographic protection

Cryptographic protection is one of the most reliable ways to maintain data confidentiality and integrity. It is based on complex mathematical algorithms that convert information into an encrypted form and make it unusable by unauthorised persons.

The most common method is to encrypt data both during storage and transmission — in file systems, databases, email, and over the Internet.

Digital signatures and certificates are important because they guarantee the authenticity of messages and confirm that no changes have been made during transmission. Electronic keys are used to identify users, ensuring secure access to information resources.

VPN and SSL/TLS protocols create an additional level of security by forming secure data exchange channels, which are especially relevant for remote work. In many cases, cryptographic modules are integrated into the structure of servers and network equipment, ensuring the integrity of the entire infrastructure.

Cryptographic protection ensures that even if data is intercepted, it remains inaccessible and undecipherable to attackers, making this method key to a comprehensive security system.

Stages of building a CISS

Stages of building a CISS

Implementing a comprehensive information security system is a lengthy process that requires careful planning and a clear sequence of actions. It is not enough to simply install a few software products and assume that security is working.

An effective CISS is created in stages: from in-depth risk analysis and preparation of technical documentation to implementation, testing, and further support. The main stages of building an CISS are as follows:

  • Audit and risk analysis. Identification of vulnerabilities in networks, systems and processes, determination of potential threats to data.
  • Development of technical specifications (TS). Formation of requirements for the protection system, description of objectives and expected level of security.
  • Design. Creation of CISS architecture, selection of technologies and protection measures, preparation of project documentation.
  • Implementation. Purchase and installation of equipment, configuration of software, implementation of organisational security policies.
  • Testing. Verification of system performance, simulation of attacks, rehearsal of incident response scenarios.
  • Certification. State examination and obtaining a certificate of conformity for the comprehensive information security system.
  • Operation and maintenance. Continuous monitoring, software updates, staff training, and keeping the system up to date.

Following these steps ensures that the CSIS will not be a formality, but a real effective system capable of protecting a business or government agency from modern cyber threats. It is the high-quality completion of each stage that creates the basis for successful certification and subsequent uninterrupted operation.

Certification of CISS

Certification of CISS

In order for a comprehensive information security system to be considered complete and officially comply with current regulations, it must undergo state examination and obtain a certificate of compliance for the comprehensive information security system. This document confirms that the implemented system truly ensures the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data in accordance with the requirements of Ukrainian legislation.

Certification is mandatory for government agencies and enterprises that work with personal data, financial or other information with restricted access. Without a certificate, a company does not have the right to use IT systems to process such data.

The certification procedure includes the preparation and execution of all necessary documentation, examination of the IT infrastructure, development of technical specifications, changes to the protection system, as well as debugging and testing of all components. The final stage is a state examination, based on the results of which the company receives a certificate of conformity.

Having a CISS certificate provides a number of advantages for a business: it increases the trust of customers and partners, allows participation in government and corporate projects with increased cybersecurity requirements, and confirms the professionalism of the company’s technical specialists. And although certification requires ongoing costs to maintain the system, they are significantly less than the losses that could result from a data leak or a successful cyberattack.

Conclusion

In today’s world, where information has become one of the most valuable assets, information protection is no longer an option but has become a prerequisite for the secure functioning of businesses and government structures.

A comprehensive information security system (CISS) allows you to create a multi-level barrier against cyber attacks, leaks and unauthorised access, ensuring the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data.

The implementation of CISS not only ensures compliance with legal requirements, but also creates a competitive advantage: the company demonstrates a high level of cyber protection, strengthens its reputation, increases the trust of customers and partners, and the presence of a certificate of conformity confirms that the system complies with state standards and is capable of protecting the most important information even in the face of growing cyber threats.

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